中国声称掌握了新的核能技术

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中国官方媒体声称，中国科学家已掌握了一项重新加工废弃铀的关键技术



中国官方媒体声称，中国科学家已掌握了一项重新加工废弃铀的关键技术

中国科学家已掌握了一项重新加工废弃铀的关键技术，如今这些报道已燃烧起中国人的雄心，他们壮志满怀，意欲引领世界核电领域之风骚。

官方媒体宣称，该项技术的掌握，打破了能源供应的瓶颈，确保了中国拥有足够的核能源燃料，可供中国使用至少长达三千年之久。

该项技术的突破，对中国国内产业带来的无疑是一大福音，虽然这项技术还处于刚刚抬脚的起步阶段，然而，它对于世界核能建设史所产生的震憾力，却是无以伦比的。

由于对能源需求的急剧膨胀以及对环境污染的日益担忧，在未来10年的时间里，中国打算扩大核电发电的产量，预计将发电量提升十倍。到2030年，中国有望超越美国，领跑世界，成为全球原子能制造商的龙头老大。

据中国中央电视台报道，该技术的研发与测试均由中国核工业集团总公司404厂负责承担，该厂位于偏远的戈壁沙漠之中。这项技术研发成功，能够实现放射性燃料的循环利用。至于这项技术与现有的其它国家的该项技术有何不同，情况还不得而知。然据该国家电视台的播音员报道，该技术的利用能使每公斤的铀发电量提升至现有该国核电站每公斤铀发电量的60倍。

该国已探明的铀矿藏资源有171,400吨。如果该技术证明行之有效，那么则能提高这些矿藏资源的“使用寿命”，按此前的预测，至少也要延长寿命70年。

后处理还可以为武器的产生提供可被利用的裂变材料，尽管详细的细节尚未还不明了，但该项技术的掌握很可能给中国的核武库造成潜在的影响。

1964年中国原子弹首次试爆获得了成功，由于当时中国煤炭资源极其丰富，加上价格低廉，政府[提倡独立自主，自立更生的精神]不愿意依赖昂贵的国外技术以及铀的进口，所以核能利用的步伐走得十分缓慢。然而近年来，随着中国的国富民强，人们对环境保护的意识正在发生变化，将保护环境看成是自身的头等大事，因而触动了这场技术的变革。

据国际原子能机构的报告显示，中国现在有13座原子能反应堆正在运营，另外还有26座反应设施正在兴建当中。

去年，中国核工业集团公司表示，到2020年计划投资8000亿元（£ 78bn）用于该项目的投产。中国对外国供应商的技术正在消化吸收利用当中，正在向自主创新方向迈进，他们依靠自己的力量设计完成自己的核反应堆及后处理厂。下一步就是施工建设并向海外拓展。

原文：China completed the Daya Bay nuclear power station in Guangdong province, south China, in 2003. Photograph: Adrian Bradshaw/EPA

China's ambitions to lead the world in nuclear power were boosted today by reports that its scientists had mastered a key technique in the reprocessing of spent uranium.

State media claimed the technology overcame a supply bottleneck and ensured China would have sufficient nuclear fuel for at least 3,000 years.

The breakthrough would be a boon to the domestic industry, which is in the early stages of what looks likely to be the most spectacular burst of reactor-building in world history.

Due to surging demand for energy and growing concerns about pollution, China's nuclear-power generating capacity is projected to increase up to tenfold in the next 10 years. By 2030 China could be on course to overtake the US as the world's leading atomic energy producer.

The technology, developed and tested at the number 404 factory of the China National Nuclear Corporation, situated in the Gobi desert, enables recycling of irradiated fuel, according to China Central Television. How this differs from existing reprocessing methods in other countries is unclear, but the state broadcaster said that with this technique a kilo of uranium could produce close to 60 times more power than was now possible in China.

If proven this method would extend the "usage life" of the 171,400 tonnes of the country's known uranium deposits, which previously were forecast to last less than 70 years.

Reprocessing can also provide fissile material for weapons, though details have not yet been disclosed about the potential impact on China's nuclear arsenal.

China first tested an atomic bomb in 1964, but it was slow to adopt nuclear power because of the cheapness and abundance of domestic coal, and the government was reluctant to depend on expensive foreign technology and uranium imports. But in recent years growing wealth and shifting environmental priorities have prompted a change.

According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, China now has 13 operating reactors and 26 more facilities under construction.

China National Nuclear Corporation said last year it planned to invest 800bn yuan (£78bn) in the industry by 2020. China has already been replicating the technology of its foreign suppliers and is moving to design its own reactors and reprocessing plants. The next step is construction and overseas sales.