重新认识月球：月球发现水！

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对月球的再认识

科学

彗星或许应该为月球上的水源负责

新的理论表明要不是水的物质与彗星有冲突，月球上可能就会有水存在。

诺克斯维尔的田纳西大学，研究者们已经研究发现月球上有水而且发现了水源。

拉里泰勒------研究小组的负责人、诺克斯维尔田纳西大学地球和行星科学系的一位教授------和小组的其他成员已经发现月球上水的起源地。

泰勒不仅是可以追踪到月球水的起源而且是发现月球最初甚至有水的人。他去年发现月球上有水的事实改变了人们认为月球是完全干燥的星球的所有想法。

自从这个发现以来，研究者们也发现月球上有大量的水源。事实上，如此丰富的水源足以使人类有可能生活在月球上。现在，泰勒已经发现了月球上水源。

泰勒和他的小组相信水是在月球形成之后不久，撞到月球的彗星带到月球上去的。他们在研究了阿波罗号飞船带回的岩石之后得出了这个结论。小组通过使用离子质谱分析法测量了这些岩石的水的鲜明特征之后，可以分析出月球上水起源的时间和地点。

正如研究结果显示的一样， 月球上的水与地球上的水不同。这一发现产生了一个信念------远在月球最初形成时，彗星给月球提供了大部分的水。

人们认为当初期的地球和忒伊亚相碰撞时，把物质洒向太空时，月球形成了。这些物质创造了月球。泰勒的理论认为，彗星既撞倒了月球又撞到了地球。但是因为地球已经有了大量的水，地球没有受到这些彗星碰撞的影响，地球没有获得足够的水与地球原有的水系统混合在一起。但是，月球，当时是干燥的，通过彗星碰撞接受了大部分水。

“这项发现迫使我们再次回到了地球和月球的形成起点上来。”泰勒说，“在我们研究之前， 我们原来认为地球和月球在巨大冲击后有着同样的挥发物质，只是在数量上有很多区别。我们的工作现在揭示了我们原先没有料想的在地球和月球形成时的另外一个元素------彗星。”

泰勒的月球如何形成的新理论表明月球上一直是有水存在的。彗星提供月球的内部供水，而太阳风提供月球的外部供水。

促使月球上的水与地球上的水不同的是月球含有水的成分------氢和氧------但是还不是水。如果月球上的岩石加热，这些成分就会变成水。

“这水可以使月球成为空中加油站，”泰勒说。“宇宙飞船摆脱地球引力耗掉了85%的燃料。这就意味着月球可以充当一个去其他行星的中转站。飞船可以在月球加燃料-----加入液态氢和液态氧的水---，当飞船驶向太空其他行星时比如火星。

这篇研究发表在《自然地球科学》Comets May Be Responsible for Water's Origins on the Moon
Science
Comets May Be Responsible for Water's Origins on the Moon
Tiffany Kaiser - January 13, 2011 3:25 PM
New theories suggest water may have always had a presence on the moon due to its materials colliding with comets


University of Tennessee, Knoxville, researchers have studied the existence of water on the moon and discovered its origins.

Larry Taylor, study leader and a professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, along with a team of researchers, have found where the water on the moon originated.  

Taylor was not only able to trace the lunar water's origins, but he was the one who discovered that the moon even had water in the first place. This lunar water discovery he made last year changed all beliefs that the moon was completely dry.

Since this discovery, researchers also found that the moon has an abundance of water. So much, in fact, that humans could possibly live on the moon. Now, Taylor has found the origins of all this lunar water.  

Taylor and his team believe the water came from comets crashing into the moon shortly after it formed. They came to this conclusion after studying rocks that were retrieved from the Apollo mission. The team then measured the rocks' water signatures through the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry, which could allow researchers to tell where and when the lunar water originated.  

As it turns out, water on the moon is different from water on Earth. This discovery led to the belief that comets supplied the moon with a majority of its water back when it originally formed.  

It is believed that the moon formed when the nascent Earth and Theia collided, sending materials out into space. These materials created the moon, and according to Taylor's theory, comets were hitting both the moon and Earth. But because the Earth already had an abundance of water, it was not affected by these comet collisions and did not acquire enough of the comets water for it to be integrated into its original water system. But the moon, which was dry at this point, received a majority of its water via comet collisions.  

"This discovery forces us to go back to square one on the whole formation of the Earth and moon," said Taylor. "Before our research, we thought the Earth and moon had the same volatiles after the Giant Impact, just at greatly different quantities. Our work brings to light another component in the formation that we had not anticipated - comets."

Taylor's new theory of how the moon formed suggests that water has been present throughout the moon's entire history. While comets supplied the moon's internal supply of water, solar winds supplied the moon's external supply of water.  

What makes the water on the moon different from water on Earth is that it contains the ingredients for water - hydrogen and oxygen - but is not yet water. If the rocks on the moon were heated up, the ingredients would turn into water.  

"This water could allow the moon to be a gas station in the sky," said Taylor. "Spaceships use up to 85 percent of their fuel getting away from Earth's gravity. This means the moon can act as a stepping stone to other planets. Missions can fuel up at the moon, with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen from the water, as they head into deeper space to other places such as Mars."

This study was published in Nature Geoscience.

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